![]() “Force and arms bring retribution,” wrote ancient Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu (老子), the founder of Taoism, in the Tao Te Ching (道德經).Īccording to Chinese dynastic histories, founding emperors of each dynasty, after unifying the split territories, would rest, recuperate and prepare to govern. The history of the PRC and the CCP corresponds with the Tai Hexagrams (泰卦) of the Yijing (易經, The Book of Changes), which states: “All states of peace are liable to be disturbed.” Since the establishment of the PRC in 1949, the CCP has unknowingly, but continuously repeated the same mistakes. However, once a government has obtained infinite power, it does not take long before it becomes corrupt, as in the case of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). In such a historical narrative, the PRC became the ruler that eradicated the corruption of the ROC and its shortcomings, and has a capable government that stands with and is supported by the people. The PRC presents its predecessor - the Republic of China (ROC) - as a corrupt, unfit government that created the conditions of its demise. The history written by the People’s Republic of China (PRC) is no exception. These histories are not merely records of the rise and fall of emperors, they also demonstrate the ways in which conquerors embellished their own achievements while deriding those of the conquered. 4.10: The Period of Division, 220-589CE Like these other empires, the Han Dynasty also eventually fell.The Twenty-Four Histories (中國廿四史) is a collection of official Chinese dynastic histories from Records of the Grand Historian (史記) to the History of the Ming Dynasty (明史) that cover the time from the legendary Yellow Emperor (黃帝) to the Chongzhen Emperor (崇禎), the last Ming emperor.By 207 BCE revolts were breaking out across the land, as rebels accrued armies, seized territory, and even declared themselves kings. Historians debate causes but highlight weak successors manipulated by the intrigues of a high minister and court eunuch excessive demands on the population for building projects, tax revenue, and military conscription and a climate of fear created by the harshly punitive legal system. 4.9: The Han Dynasty, 202 BCE-220 CE After the First Emperor died in 210 BCE, the Qin Empire rapidly disintegrated.The title “First Emperor of Qin,” however, was assumed by this conqueror only in the wake of his final victory. ![]() Hence, he had realized the aspirations held by the many rulers he subjugated, that is, to unify the known world under one powerful monarch and, by so doing, to initiate an age of peace and prosperity, one rooted in obedience to a sagely ruler. 4.8: The Qin Dynasty and the Transition from Ancient to Imperial China In 221 BCE, the First Emperor had brought the Warring States Period to a close by defeating the last remaining state.These nobles were allowed to rule their own lands hereditarily, so long as they observed certain obligations to their king. ![]() In the early centuries of Zhou rule, during the Western Zhou (1046 – 771 BCE), Zhou kings dispatched kinsmen to territories he granted to them. In 1046 BCE, a Zhou king overthrew the last Shang ruler and established control over much of north China.
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